Entèmedyè: Dyeing (pigman) entèmedyè se yon branch trè enpòtan nan endistri chimik amann. Devlopman entèmedyè sipò yo. Pwodiksyon Lachin nan entèmedyè pou DYEING ak pigman te devlope konsiderableman depi ane 1950 yo. Nan kèk ane ki sot pase yo, pwodiksyon entèmedyè nan lank ak pigman te vin pi plis ak plis feròs, e te gen inovasyon nan teknoloji pwodiksyon an. Nou te fè zouti nan plizyè domèn, tankou rechèch, nouvo itilizasyon pou varyete fin vye granmoun ak pwoteksyon anviwònman an, epi yo te adopte yon pwosesis pwòp pou pwodiksyon an nan lank ak pigman entèmedyè. .

1
Devlopman itilizasyon entèmedyè

An reyalite, itilizasyon entèmedyè se devlopman miltip, yon sèten kalite entèmedyè yo itilize nan koloran yo rele entèmedyè lank, epi yo itilize nan pestisid, edikaman, ak sou sa. Yo rele tou pestisid, entèmedyè pharmaceutique. Yo ta dwe konsidere kòm yon branch nan endistri a chimik amann kòm yon antye, pa ta dwe rijidman divize an entèmedyè lank, entèmedyè pestisid, entèmedyè pestisid, entèmedyè pestisid, entèmedyè pestisid, entèmedyè pestisid, entèmedyè pestisid, entèmedyè pestisid, entèmedyè pestisid, entèmedyè pestisid. , pestisid entèmedyè, entèmedyè pestisid, entèmedyè pestisid, entèmedyè pestisid, entèmedyè pestisid, entèmedyè pestisid, entèmedyè pestisid, entèmedyè pestisid, entèmedyè pestisid, entèmedyè pestisid, entèmedyè pestisid, entèmedyè pestisid, entèmedyè pestisid, entèmedyè pestisid, entèmedyè pestisid, entèmedyè pestisid, pestisid. entèmedyè, entèmedyè pestisid, entèmedyè pestisid, entèmedyè pestisid, entèmedyè pestisid Entèmedyè, entèmedyè pharmaceutique, ki pral redwi seri a nan itilizasyon kèk entèmedyè ak afekte devlopman yo.

Fine chimik entèmedyè rechèch karakterize pa yon gran varyete, eksepte pou yon varyete kèk nan echèl pwodiksyon se patikilyèman gwo, pifò varyete nan tonnaj yo pa trè gwo, men pwosesis la preparasyon se souvan pi konplèks, ki enplike anpil reyaksyon inite ak separasyon, ak la. pwodiksyon de kantite konsiderab nan "twa fatra yo" bezwen yo dwe byen okipe. Se poutèt sa, nou ta dwe angaje yo nan rechèch seri pwosesis pwodwi, yon òganizasyon rezonab nan entèmedyè yo jwenn bon efikasite pwodiksyon echèl.

Soti nan sitiyasyon etranje a, rechèch ak pwodiksyon entèmedyè yo gen tandans byen konsantre pou reyalize pwodiksyon seri. yon kèk nan yon douzèn varyete entèmedyè, rechèch sa yo ak pwodiksyon se pi fasil aplike nan devlopman jeneral ak adopsyon de nouvo teknoloji. Nou pral jwenn de fwa rezilta a ak mwatye efò a. Nou ka refere a sitiyasyon an nan Japon, kote pwodiksyon an nan entèmedyè itilize yo dwe trè desantralize, kòmanse nan ane 1960 yo. Li te ajiste ak konsantre sèt fwa.

Atravè transfòmasyon ak devlopman, endistri lank ak pigman entèmedyè Lachin nan te rive nan yon nivo ki pi wo an tèm de echèl pwodiksyon, teknoloji ak nivo ekipman, ki ka pa sèlman satisfè bezwen yo nan devlopman endistri domestik lank ak pigman, men tou, bay plis bon jan kalite pwodwi entèmedyè pou peyi etranje.

Materyèl anvan tout koreksyon ki nesesè pou sentèz entèmedyè yo sitou jwenn nan pwodwi petwòl ak endistri chimik cokéfaction, pi fò nan yo se benzèn, naftalèn, naftalèn, ak naftalèn. Nan dènye ane yo, pigman òganik yo prepare nan entèmedyè heterocyclic yo te sou ogmantasyon an. Anplis de sa, phenantrene, piridin, oksijèn fluorèn, kinolin, endol, carbazol, konpoze seri bifenil, matyè premyè konplèks sa yo aplike nan fabrike nan koloran. Itilizasyon materyèl bwit sentetik yo ap vin pi gaye ak komen.

2
Reyaksyon chimik ki pi komen yo itilize pou entèmedyè

Reyaksyon chimik ki pi komen yo itilize pou trete matyè premyè nan entèmedyè pou endistri DYEING (pigman) yo se jan sa a.

(1) Reyaksyon sulfonasyon
(2) Reyaksyon nitrifikasyon
(3) Reyaksyon alojene
(4) Reyaksyon rediksyon pou prepare amine
(5) Reyaksyon dyazotizasyon (souvan akonpaye pa reyaksyon kouple)
(6) Ranplasman gwoup asid sulfonik nan gwoup idroksil pa reyaksyon alkali-fonn
(7) Reyaksyon asetilasyon
(8) Reyaksyon oksidasyon
(9) Kondansasyon ak reyaksyon carbonatation
(10) Reyaksyon aromatizasyon (sitou amine)
(11) Reyaksyon entèrchanjabl gwoup idroksil ak gwoup amine
(12) Idwoksilasyon idwoksil oswa gwoup amine

Dapre estrikti bag aromat nan entèmedyè chimik amann yo, yo ka klase nan alifatik, benzèn, naftalèn, anthraquinone, heterocyclic ak dans. Sistèm bag. Peyi nou an ka pwodwi plis pase 400 varyete benzèn, naftalèn, anthraquinone, heterocyclic ak lòt entèmedyè nan DYEING ak pigman, ki ka fondamantalman satisfè kondisyon ki nan Dyeing ak pigman endistri bezwen devlopman.

3
Gwo varyete sistèm benzèn

2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene, o-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrophenol, N,N-dimethylaniline, p-amino anisol, p-nitroaniline, o-toluidine, 2-bromo-6-chloro-p-nitroaniline, N -ethylaniline, m-hydroxydiethylaniline 2,4-dinitro-6-bromoaniline, o-, p-phenylenediamine, 3,3-dichlorobenzidine, benzidine, anisylamine, p-amine Benzenesulfonic acid, o-anisol, p-aminoanisole, DSD asid, p-aminophenetole, CTL asid, o-cyano-p-nitroaniline, acetoacetylacetamide o-Methoxyaniline, hydroquinone, resorcinol, N-methyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine Toluidine , N,N-diethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-toluidine Methyl cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl cyanoethyl-m- toluidin, N-methylphenyl-m-toluidine, p-, etoksianilin, 2 4-dimethylaniline, 4-chloro-3-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-3-aminobenzamid, 4-methoxy-3-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid metil-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid, 4-methyl-aminobenzamid 2,4,5-Trichloroaniline, 4-methoxy-3-amino-N, N-diethylbenzenesulfonamide, 2,4,5 -trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline , 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2 ,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4 ,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline inter, para ester, elatriye.

4
Varyete prensipal nan entèmedyè naftalèn

2-naphthol, H-asid, K-asid, 2,3-asid, 2,6-asid, thujaplic asid, 6-nitro-1,2,4 oksijèn asid. J-asid, peri-asid, gamma-asid, G-sèl, R-sèl, amino K-asid, 2-naphthylamine-1,5-disulfonic asid, 1-naphthol -5-sulfonic asid, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene , 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic asid, 2R-asid ak sou sa. Anthraquinone entèmedyè yo enkli: anthraquinone, 1-amino anthraquinone, 1,4-diamino anthraquinone, 1,5-dimethyl-bromophosphate, 1,5-dimethyl-anthraquinone, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic asid, 2R-asid, elatriye Anthraquinone, 1 ,5-diamino anthraquinone, 1-Amino-5-benzoyl anthraquinone, 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone, 1,8-hydroxy Anthraquinone, 1,8-dihydroxy-4,5-diamino anthraquinone, elatriye.

5
Gwo espès heterocyclic ak dans-siklik

Cyanuric klori, asid barbiturik, 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole, 2-amino-5,6-dichlorobenzothiazole, 2-aminobenzothiazole Aminothiazole, dehydrothiobenzidine asid bisulfonic, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-Nethyl-6-hydroxy-3-ethyl -cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano -4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4 -methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl -6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6 -hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone Formylamino-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 4-chloro-1,8-naphthalene anidride, naphthalene tetracarboxylic anidrid, ! tetracarboxylic anidrid, elatriye.